kynurenic acid sentence in Hindi
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- It has been shown that kynurenic acid possesses neuroactive activity.
- Conversely, increased levels of kynurenic acid have also been linked to certain pathological conditions.
- In 1904 he isolated kynurenic acid from the urine of dogs that had been fed tryptophan.
- As a result, kynurenic acid has been considered for use in therapy in certain neurobiological disorders.
- Inhibition of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase leads to an increase of kynurenic acid in the kynurenine pathway.
- Kynureninase catabolizes the conversion of kynurenine into anthranilic acid while kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase catabolizes its conversion into kynurenic acid.
- Another function of GOT2 is that it is believed to transaminate kynurenine into kynurenic acid ( KYNA ) in the brain.
- Kynurenic acid was discovered in 1853 by the German chemist Justus von Liebig in dog urine, which it was apparently named after.
- High levels of kynurenic acid have been identified in human urine in certain metabolic disorders, such as marked pyridoxine deficiency and deficiency / absence of kynureninase.
- One of these kynurenines, aptly named kynurenic acid, serves as a neuroprotectant through its function as an nicotinic and glutamate receptors ( responsive to the neurotransmitters nicotine and glutamate, respectively ).
- A kynurenic acid hypothesis of schizophrenia was proposed in 2007, based on its action on midbrain dopamine activity and NMDArs, thus linking dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia with the glutamate hypothesis of the disease.
- In response to the studies showing detrimental behaviour following increases in kynurenic acid the authors also note that the diet was generally well tolerated by the animals, with no " gross behavioural abnormalities ".
- Quinolinic acid activity has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease, the neuroprective abilities of kynurenic acid forming a counterbalance against this process, and the related excitotoxicity and similar damaging effects on neurons.
- Examples of APV, Amantadine, dextromethorphan ( DXM ), ketamine, magnesium, tiletamine, phencyclidine ( PCP ), riluzole, memantine, methoxetamine ( MXE ), methoxphenidine ( MXP ) and kynurenic acid; the latter is the only known endogenous antagonist.
- In general, receptors for small molecule neurotransmitters such as serotonin will have only one endogenous agonist, but often have many different receptor subtypes ( e . g . 13 different antagonists and inverse agonists are also known ( e . g ., kynurenic acid at the NMDA receptor ), but these are much less common.
- Quinolinic acid is unable to pass through the blood-brain barrier ( BBB ) and must be produced within the brain microglial cells or macrophages that have passed the BBB . While quinolinic acid cannot pass the BBB, kynurenic acid, tryptophan and 3-hydroxykynurenine do and subsequently act as precursors to the production of quinolinic acid in the brain.
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